At 09:29 am on September 06, 2023 the East Lampeter Township Police were dispatched to the 300 block of Willow Rd for a report of a passenger car struck by a train. Preliminary investigation shows that a silver 2009 Ford Edge was traveling south on Willow Rd and upon ente...We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. Let us know what's going on! Go to formState Trooper Frederick Schimp was driving a Pennsylvania State Police Ford Explorer patrol unit at 3:30 a.m. Saturday when he failed to stop at a stop sign in Erie County, Pa. The resulting accident killed the woman whose car ran into the trooper's vehicle as it rolled through the stop sign.Through the PA state police online crash report request portal; By mailing form SP 7-0015, an application to obtain a copy of a police report; Obtaining a Car Accident Report Online. If you choose to request your PA car accident report online, you can search by the incident number, if you already have a paper copy of the crash report.Police & Accident Reports. To get a copy of a Police incident report or Traffic accident report - please come to the Traffic door (College St entrance) at Police Station at 425 W. Hamilton St. To obtain a copy of a Police report, your name must be on the report. You will need photo ID and $15 cash, check or money order made out to City of ...Accidents in Indiana County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Indiana County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ...Today's police log reports on access device fraud charges in Lower Allen Township and an Upper Allen Township crash with injuries. Sentinel police log for May 11Driver swerves off road and into mailboxes, killing woman getting her mail, cops say. Jill Staub, of New Oxford, was killed in the crash, according to a report from Pennsylvania State Police. State troopers were called to the fatality in East Hanover Township at about 3:50 p.m ... Michigan - Land of the Great Lakes, endless freshwater coastline, and economic opportunityMichigan is located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas, The Lower ... Sep 5, 2023 · Aug 29, 2023. State police at Troop C, Punxsutawney, arrested a 50-year-old Punxsutawney man and a 52-year-old Punxsutawney woman for driving under the influence and possession of drugs and ... Get Crash Reports Subpoena Procedures Criminal Record Expungement Process DNA Expungement Process Right-to-Know Request Josh Shapiro, Governor Colonel Christopher Paris, State Police Commissioner In Bucks County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design, bicycle and pedestrian corridors, and traffic signs.Dec 10, 2018 · How to File a Car Crash Report in Pennsylvania. This chart provides a summary of Pennsylvania laws and procedures useful when filing a car crash report. State Accident Statutes. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3747 Written report of accident. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3746 Immediate notice of accident to police. In Wayne County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design, bicycle and pedestrian corridors, and traffic signs.Lost wallet. Incident. Sep 2, 2023. On this date a navy-blue Hobo bi-fold wallet was lost at 815 West King Street in the Borough of Shippensburg. The wallet contained assorted credit cards and driver's license of the owner. Anyone with information is asked to contact Shippensburg Police at 717-532-8878 or come t... Perform a free Pennsylvania public police records search, including police reports, logs, notes, blotters, bookings, and mugshots. The PA Police Records links below open in a new window and take you to third party websites that provide access to PA Police Records. Every link you see below was carefully hand-selected, vetted, and reviewed by a ...TxDOT is the custodian of crash records for the state of Texas. Texas Transportation Code §550.062 requires any law enforcement officer who in the regular course of duty investigates a motor vehicle crash that results in injury to or the death of a person or damage to the property of any one person to the apparent extent of $1,000 or more, to submit a written report of that crash to TxDOT not ... If you opt for legal representation, your lawyer can also obtain this crash report on your behalf. For a free legal consultation, call 412-661-1400 . Optional Accident Reports for Car Crashes in Pittsburgh. The law does not require you to report minor car accidents where no one suffered serious injury, and there was no damage to any involved ...Get Crash Reports Subpoena Procedures Criminal Record Expungement Process DNA Expungement Process Right-to-Know Request Josh Shapiro, Governor Colonel Christopher Paris, State Police Commissioner The Next Steps. The law enforcement officer will collect your information and then submit the report to their department. At the scene, the officer may cite (issue a ticket to) one or more drivers for traffic violations. While at the accident scene, ask for a card with the officer's name on it in case you need to contact the officer later. Aug 18, 2023 · If you opt for legal representation, your lawyer can also obtain this crash report on your behalf. For a free legal consultation, call 412-661-1400 . Optional Accident Reports for Car Crashes in Pittsburgh. The law does not require you to report minor car accidents where no one suffered serious injury, and there was no damage to any involved ... In rare cases, if a police department does not investigate this type of accident, then it is the responsibility of the drivers of the vehicles to fill out a PENNDOT accident form and mail it in to the department. All of these type accidents must be reported by police or drivers to the state. That form can be found on line at PENNDOT's website.Easy, Safe and Secure. Our car accident report lookup is as safe and secure as it is easy to use. Simply enter an address, city, or ZIP code and a date range for your accident and our automated system does the rest, providing you a detailed, searchable map of the time and date. Simply click on any of the accidents listed on the map to call up ...You are required to complete and submit a Driver’s Accident Report within 5 days of an accident, if the following apply: The accident was not investigated by the police. The accident resulted in death, injury or severe damage to any vehicle. If you fail to report an accident to the Pennsylvania DOT, you may have your license suspended.Accidents in Cumberland County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Cumberland County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ...WEST CHESTER, PA — The Pennsylvania State Police and the Chester County Detectives are searching for 34-year-old Danelo Souza Cavalcante who escaped the Chester County Prison around 8:30 am on … Manhunt Underway: $10,000 Reward for Capture of Prison Escapee Read MoreIf you are requesting a copy of a traffic accident report and don't have a government-issued photo ID, include this form with your application. Released: May 10, 2021. Format: PDF. Name: Application for police incident or offense report. PDF. Description:Filing a police report after a car accident is an important step. Documenting the details ensures that all parties are protected. It's good to contact the police any time you're in a car accident. In some states, it is even required. Either way, you are better off letting the police decide whether they should come to the scene of the crash.Get Crash Reports Subpoena Procedures Criminal Record Expungement Process DNA Expungement Process Right-to-Know Request Josh Shapiro, Governor Colonel Christopher Paris, State Police Commissioner Oct 18, 2012 · In rare cases, if a police department does not investigate this type of accident, then it is the responsibility of the drivers of the vehicles to fill out a PENNDOT accident form and mail it in to the department. All of these type accidents must be reported by police or drivers to the state. That form can be found on line at PENNDOT's website. Oct 3, 2022 · A car accident police report usually contains the following: Details of the car accident, including the people, vehicles and property involved. Identifying information about parties involved may ... Theft by Unlawful Taking. On Tuesday, August 29, 2023, at 6:19 A.M. the Chambersburg Police Department responded to the 500 block of Guilford Ave for the report a theft. The investigation revealed that an individual took a pack of cigarettes off the victim’s porch earlier in the morning ... Paul Linard Jr., 86, and Elaine S. Berringer, 54, killed in head-on car accident on Shermans Valley Road in Northeast Madison Township. Accident Date: Fri, 12/05/2014. Two people have died after a two-vehicle collision that happened just before 11 a.m. Friday in Perry County. A pickup truck driven by Paul Linard Junior of Maytown, crossed the ...Felicity, OH – Double Fatality on State Route 756 Near... Felicity, OH (September 5, 2023) - A tragic accident occurred at 7:37 p.m. on Sunday, September 3, 2023, on State Route 756 near Bolender Road.... Read More. September 5, 2023. Ohio County, OH – Fatal Two-Car Collision on Hwy 231...Dec 10, 2018 · How to File a Car Crash Report in Pennsylvania. This chart provides a summary of Pennsylvania laws and procedures useful when filing a car crash report. State Accident Statutes. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3747 Written report of accident. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3746 Immediate notice of accident to police. Get Crash Information Instantly Start a search to find your Accident or Driver Exchange reportPerform a free Pennsylvania public police records search, including police reports, logs, notes, blotters, bookings, and mugshots. The PA Police Records links below open in a new window and take you to third party websites that provide access to PA Police Records. Every link you see below was carefully hand-selected, vetted, and reviewed by a ...While public records such as police reports may be admissible as exceptions to the rule against hearsay in some circumstances, Pennsylvania courts have generally ruled that police reports are hearsay evidence and not admissible when determining damages in a car accident case. Police reports will normally not be filed for accidents on private ...Accidents in Indiana County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Indiana County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ...police crash report for police use only (leave blank) please do not submit this application until 15 days have elapsed since the date of the crash. the crash, in which you were involved, has been reported to the pennsylvania state police and will be investigated in accordance with section 3746(c) of the pennsylvania vehicle code.SP 6-106A Part-time Municipal/Regional Police Department Speed Enforcement Intergovernmental Agreement with the PA State Police; PSP Identification Supplies . Supplies can be ordered by mailing in the Pennsylvania State Police Requisition Form (SP4-120) or by calling the PSP Reproduction and Graphic Service Section at 717-783-5596.Aug 29, 2023. State police at Troop C, Punxsutawney, arrested a 50-year-old Punxsutawney man and a 52-year-old Punxsutawney woman for driving under the influence and possession of drugs and ...PSP Data. Current offerings of data include Contact Data Reporting (CDR) and the Community Access to Information Dashboard (CAID). CDR information includes annual and quarterly reports analyzing PSP traffic stop data collection efforts. This data collection is aimed at improving PSP policy and training. The CAID is an application that displays ...Police Reports 7-21-21. By Holly Hendershot [email protected]. Updated Aug 25, 2022. 0. The following is a compilation of police reports from around the region.We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. Let us know what's going on! Go to formAccidents in Lebanon County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Lebanon County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design ... State Police Data. The PSP Community Access to Information Dashboard allows the user to choose what data is displayed. These data can be filtered by date, time, troop, station, and location. Crash & Enforcement Data (commercial and non-commercial vehicles) Overview; Crash Data. DUI; Distracted Driving; Crashes with injury/death; Work Zone crashesAt 09:29 am on September 06, 2023 the East Lampeter Township Police were dispatched to the 300 block of Willow Rd for a report of a passenger car struck by a train. Preliminary investigation shows that a silver 2009 Ford Edge was traveling south on Willow Rd and upon ente...Felicity, OH – Double Fatality on State Route 756 Near... Felicity, OH (September 5, 2023) - A tragic accident occurred at 7:37 p.m. on Sunday, September 3, 2023, on State Route 756 near Bolender Road.... Read More. September 5, 2023. Ohio County, OH – Fatal Two-Car Collision on Hwy 231...Get Crash Reports Subpoena Procedures Criminal Record Expungement Process DNA Expungement Process Right-to-Know Request Josh Shapiro, Governor Colonel Christopher Paris, State Police Commissioner You are required to complete and submit a Driver’s Accident Report within 5 days of an accident, if the following apply: The accident was not investigated by the police. The accident resulted in death, injury or severe damage to any vehicle. If you fail to report an accident to the Pennsylvania DOT, you may have your license suspended.Sep 6, 2023 · Aug 3, 2023. A 14-year-old Leola boy shot and killed a Lancaster man Wednesday in the city's southwest neighborhood after planning to rob him with an 18-year-old, who he threatened into helping ... Mar 8, 2023 · To request an auto accident report from the Harrisburg Bureau of Police, do one of the following: Visit the HBP in person at 123 Walnut St, 2nd Level, Harrisburg, PA 17101. Email a request to [email protected]. Send a request with the right fee ($15) to the HBP. Accidents in York County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In York County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements ...Accidents in Westmoreland County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Westmoreland County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence ... Crime Police Reports. St. Thomas man charged with murdering wife in 2021. Mechanic charged with felony theft in engine swap case Franklin County men among 9 accused of soliciting sex workers ... Search for Reports If you have an existing, paper copy of your Police Crash Report, you can search by the Incident Number located on the top-left of the page. If you do not have a paper copy of your Police Crash Report, you can search using a name and date to find possible results. 2While public records such as police reports may be admissible as exceptions to the rule against hearsay in some circumstances, Pennsylvania courts have generally ruled that police reports are hearsay evidence and not admissible when determining damages in a car accident case. Police reports will normally not be filed for accidents on private ...Accidents in Wayne County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Wayne County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design, bicycle ... Accidents in Lebanon County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Lebanon County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ...WHEN IS A CAR ACCIDENT REPORT FILED? After suffering a car accident in Philadelphia, a common first reaction is to call 911 to report the accident. When first responders arrive, they file a police report to document the auto accident. As mentioned above, both Pennsylvania and New Jersey law require reporting an accident in certain circumstances ... Dec 10, 2018 · How to File a Car Crash Report in Pennsylvania. This chart provides a summary of Pennsylvania laws and procedures useful when filing a car crash report. State Accident Statutes. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3747 Written report of accident. Pa.C.S.A. Vehicles § 3746 Immediate notice of accident to police. About Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State Police was created by an act of the legislation which was signed into law by Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker on May 2, 1905. It was the first uniformed police organization of its kind in the United States. Today, the authorized complement of the Pennsylvania State Police is 4,719 sworn members.James Edward Coolbaugh, 34, killed in two-vehicle car collision on State Route 187 in Wysox, Pennsylvania. Accident Date: Tue, 03/03/2015. A Bradford County man died Tuesday afternoon in a two-vehicle crash on state Route 187 in Wysox Township. James Edward Coolbaugh, 34, was driving a Ford Ranger on Route 187 around 1:30 p.m.Location: Altoona , Blair County, Pennsylvania. Data Source: City of Altoona Police Department. Description: 3-26-2020 REMOVED FROM SERVICE OR OTHERWISE UNAVAILABLE. PLEASE USE THE CONTACT FORM AT BLACK BOOK ONLINE TO LET US KNOW IF YOU KNOW OF AN UPDATE. View official City of Altoona Police Department reports by date. AP. Updated Aug 25, 2023. Harrisburg, Pa. (AP) — A theft ring stole nearly $2 million from bank customers in central Pennsylvania in an elaborate scheme in which the scammers, posing as bank employees, tricked people into giving up their account information, the attorney general's office said Friday.We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. Let us know what's going on! Go to formPennsylvania State Police Welcomes 50 New Troopers August 25, 2023 MEDIA CONTACT Lt. Adam Reed or Myles Snyder, 717-783-5556, [email protected] Harrisburg, PA – Colonel Christopher Paris, Commissioner of the Pennsylv...Accidents in Mercer County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Mercer County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design ...Traffic accident report . If you don’t have an acceptable ID, you will also need to include the no photo ID form. Department of Records: 2 to 3 weeks: $25: Police incident or offense report application: Police Department: 10 to 12 weeks: $25: Fire report: Fire Department: 6 to 8 weeks: $20: EMS report: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) 6 to 8 ...While public records such as police reports may be admissible as exceptions to the rule against hearsay in some circumstances, Pennsylvania courts have generally ruled that police reports are hearsay evidence and not admissible when determining damages in a car accident case. Police reports will normally not be filed for accidents on private ... PA State Police. 278,531 likes · 8,870 talking about this. Official PSP Facebook. The Commonwealth social media policy can viewed at bit.ly/PSP-SM.This online resource allows motorists to access collision reports taken after September 30, 2016. Please note that it may take up to seven business days from date of the incident for your report to be accessible on this portal. Collision Reports are held at the precinct for 30 days before being forwarded to the New York State Commissioner of ...Accident Reports can be obtained by contacting the Pocono Township Police Department either in-person, via email at [email protected], or via phone at (570)629-7200. Please have your report number available when contacting Pocono Township Police Department staff. Be advised that there is a $15.00 fee associated with all accident reports.Accidents in Lebanon County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Lebanon County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ...1. Search for Reports If you have an existing, paper copy of your Police Crash Report, you can search by the Incident Number located on the top-left of the page. If you do not have a paper copy of your Police Crash Report, you can search using a name and date to find possible results. 2. Fill out Web Form Application Once you have located a ...About Pennsylvania. The Pennsylvania State Police was created by an act of the legislation which was signed into law by Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker on May 2, 1905. It was the first uniformed police organization of its kind in the United States. Today, the authorized complement of the Pennsylvania State Police is 4,719 sworn members. Accidents in Westmoreland County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Westmoreland County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence ...Sep 5, 2023 · Aug 29, 2023. State police at Troop C, Punxsutawney, arrested a 50-year-old Punxsutawney man and a 52-year-old Punxsutawney woman for driving under the influence and possession of drugs and ...
Feb 11, 2023 · Through the PA state police online crash report request portal; By mailing form SP 7-0015, an application to obtain a copy of a police report; Obtaining a Car Accident Report Online. If you choose to request your PA car accident report online, you can search by the incident number, if you already have a paper copy of the crash report. . Atandt phone company near me
Aug 18, 2023 · Talk to Berger and Green About Your Car Accident Today. At Berger and Green, our car accident lawyers can order a copy of your police report, determine liability, and explore your options for compensation with you. Call our team today at (412) 661-1400 for your free case review. Call or text 412-661-1400 or complete a Free Case Evaluation form. Mar 8, 2023 · To request an auto accident report from the Harrisburg Bureau of Police, do one of the following: Visit the HBP in person at 123 Walnut St, 2nd Level, Harrisburg, PA 17101. Email a request to [email protected]. Send a request with the right fee ($15) to the HBP. Contact the Police Emergencies: Dial 9-1-1 Police Administration 2525 Rochester Road Cranberry Township, PA 16066-6499 Ph: 724-776-5180 Fx: 724-776-0237 Jul 30, 2022 · Filing a police report after a car accident is an important step. Documenting the details ensures that all parties are protected. It's good to contact the police any time you're in a car accident. In some states, it is even required. Either way, you are better off letting the police decide whether they should come to the scene of the crash. TxDOT is the custodian of crash records for the state of Texas. Texas Transportation Code §550.062 requires any law enforcement officer who in the regular course of duty investigates a motor vehicle crash that results in injury to or the death of a person or damage to the property of any one person to the apparent extent of $1,000 or more, to submit a written report of that crash to TxDOT not ...PSP Data. Current offerings of data include Contact Data Reporting (CDR) and the Community Access to Information Dashboard (CAID). CDR information includes annual and quarterly reports analyzing PSP traffic stop data collection efforts. This data collection is aimed at improving PSP policy and training. The CAID is an application that displays ...The Ohio Department of Public Safety receives crash reports on public roadways from all law enforcement agencies in Ohio for statistical purposes only. Once we receive the crash report, it will be available on our crash report search website . Crash reports may take up to six weeks to be available. If the crash report is not located, please ... When someone is injured in an accident in Pennsylvania, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary experience, and dealing with the aftermath is exhausting and stressful. Accident victims are forced to deal with hospitalization, medical treatments, missed work, and lost income, often while trying to manage ...Mon, 12/15/2014. A female driver died Monday when a crane truck crashed with her vehicle in Greene County. Saundra Kay Hanko, 65, of Sycamore, was pronounced deceased at the crash site. Ms. Hanko was driving north from Murtha Drive onto Roy Furman Highway in Franklin shortly after 3:30 p.m. Crime Police Reports. St. Thomas man charged with murdering wife in 2021. Mechanic charged with felony theft in engine swap case Franklin County men among 9 accused of soliciting sex workers ... Case. Sep 5, 2023. The Chambersburg Police Departmen responded to the Mike Waters Park located in the 500 block of S Second St. for a found dog. The animal did not have any tags and CPD was unable to identify the owner (s) of the animal. The dog was transported to the Cumberland Valle...Accidents in Lebanon County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Lebanon County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design ... Location: Altoona , Blair County, Pennsylvania. Data Source: City of Altoona Police Department. Description: 3-26-2020 REMOVED FROM SERVICE OR OTHERWISE UNAVAILABLE. PLEASE USE THE CONTACT FORM AT BLACK BOOK ONLINE TO LET US KNOW IF YOU KNOW OF AN UPDATE. View official City of Altoona Police Department reports by date.We're always interested in hearing about news in our community. Let us know what's going on! Go to formAccident Reports can be obtained by contacting the Pocono Township Police Department either in-person, via email at [email protected], or via phone at (570)629-7200. Please have your report number available when contacting Pocono Township Police Department staff. Be advised that there is a $15.00 fee associated with all accident reports.Pennsylvania law requires that car accidents be reported within five days of the collision. Accidents must be reported if the collision results in either of the following: Injury, even it is not life-threatening. Death to any party involved in the accident. Vehicle damage that prevents an involved party from driving away from the scene.Mon, 12/15/2014. A female driver died Monday when a crane truck crashed with her vehicle in Greene County. Saundra Kay Hanko, 65, of Sycamore, was pronounced deceased at the crash site. Ms. Hanko was driving north from Murtha Drive onto Roy Furman Highway in Franklin shortly after 3:30 p.m.In Bucks County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite improvements in vehicle safety features, road design, bicycle and pedestrian corridors, and traffic signs.Accidents in Bucks County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year. In Bucks County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that traffic crashes remain a primary public safety issue. Car, truck, bicycle, pedestrian, and motorcycle accidents are all a common occurrence, despite ... .